Informations clés

When infected people cough, sneeze, blow their nose, or spit they spread small droplets through the air, which are then breathed in by other people
Direct contact (for example, through kissing, sharing cups or eating utensils) with infected saliva or nose mucous

Elderly
People with chronic lung conditions (for example, asthma)
People with weakened immune systems and/or chronic diseases (for example, diabetes or cancer)

Que pouvez-vous faire pour prévenir et lutter contre une épidémie?

Promote good hand hygiene (handwashing with soap)
- BEFORE: preparing food; eating; feeding a child; treating wounds; or caring for sick people
- AFTER: using the toilet or cleaning a baby; touching garbage or waste; touching or feeding animals; blowing nose, coughing or sneezing; treating wounds; or caring for sick people
Promote respiratory hygiene and coughing etiquette (cover your cough or sneeze using your sleeve or a tissue, wash hands after coughing or sneezing, do not spit onto the ground or in public)

Practise and promote social distancing
Use and promote personal protective equipment (for example, face masks and gloves) when in contact with potential cases

Find out the specific advice being given by health and other relevant authorities
Promote recommended health practices (such as vaccination, social distancing, separation of healthy people and sick people, etc.)
Model following this advice and inform community members of current health practice advice
Offer support and encouragement to follow the advice
Try to gain understanding about if and why health practice advice is not being followed
With the advice of your supervisor and health authorities, work with communities to overcome barriers to following health advice and recommended practices

A. Make a map of the community.

B. Mark the following information on the map:

C. Record the following information on the back of the map:

When did people start to fall sick with COVID-19?
How many people live in the affected community? How many are children under five years?
Are most people in the community vaccinated against COVID-19?
- Is there a vaccination campaign planned?
What are the community’s habits, practices and beliefs about vaccinations? Are there societal, cultural or religious beliefs that prevent people from getting vaccinated?
Are there handwashing facilities in the community? Are soap and water always available?
How common is it for people to live or work together in crowded spaces?
- Is there ventilation and fresh air in homes, schools, and workplaces?
Who and where are the vulnerable people? Who is most affected by COVID-19?
What are the community’s habits, practices and beliefs about caring for sick people?
- Consider any differences in roles and responsibilities between women and men.
Is a social mobilization or health promotion programme in place?
Which sources do people use / trust the most for information?
- Are there rumours or misinformation about CoVID-19? What are the rumours?

01. Surveillance communautaire 02. Carte de la communauté 03. Communication avec la population 04. Orientation vers les services de santé 05.Protection, sécurité et bien-être des volontaires 06. Utilisation de l’équipement de protection personnel (EPP) pour les maladies très contagieuses 19. Soutien psychosocial 20. Isolement des malades 25. Campagnes de vaccination de masse 26. Bons usages en cas de toux 27. Logement et ventilation 28. Distanciation physique 29. Promotion de l’hygiène 34. Lavage des mains avec du savon 35. Lavage des mains dans les épidémies de maladies très contagieuses 41. Prise en charge et abattage des animaux 43. Mobilisation sociale et changement de comportement