[{"command":"add_css","data":[{"rel":"stylesheet","media":"all","href":"\/sites\/default\/files\/css\/css_bRDSFcvqxUhXHfRNLkxGqvcee5AkMd_VfM00zOk2HLI.css?delta=0\u0026language=en\u0026theme=ect_theme\u0026include=eJxLNkqJL8lIzU3VT8tMzUnRSc5JLC6u1M_LT0kFAIwhCi8"}]},{"command":"insert","method":"html","selector":"#ajax-container","data":"\n\n\n\n\u003Carticle class=\u0022node node--type-volunteer-training-man-chapter node--promoted node--view-mode-ajax\u0022\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022node__content\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv class=\u0022extra-header-block\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Ca class=\u0022mini-pdf-icon\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/epidemics.ifrc.org\/pdf\/70\u0022\u003E\n        \u003Cimg\n          src=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/ect_theme\/images\/svg\/pdf.svg\u0022\n          alt=\u0022pdf-download-icon\u0022\n          width=\u002224\u0022\n          height=\u002224\u0022\n        \u003E\n      \u003C\/a\u003E\n      \u003Ch1\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden\u0022\u003ESession 3.3. Actions during an epidemic\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/h1\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \n\n\n\n            \u003Cdiv class=\u0022clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item\u0022\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBy the end of this session, you will be able to:\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EExplain the actions that need to be taken during the epidemic phase.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDiscuss social mobilization and behaviour change communication.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDefine the roles of different actors.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EPart 3.3.1. Actions during the epidemic response\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe most common activities volunteers do in response to an epidemic are set out in the diagram below.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFigure\u0026nbsp;9.\u0026nbsp;Actions in the epidemic response\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Actions in the epidemic response\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022186d919d-83ce-4b0d-b647-73de0e7db8d0\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-images\/IFRC_epidemic_response_actions_EN.png\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESocial mobilization, behaviour change communication and community engagement (SBCC)\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\nIncludes activities you do to involve and listen to community members to help them to take action to protect themselves, reduce risks and prevent diseases from affecting them and spreading to others.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPrevention\u003C\/strong\u003E is any activity you do to prevent the disease from spreading. For example, it includes giving out mosquito nets, providing clean water, or supporting vaccination campaigns. These activities may help the whole community or a specific group.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECommunity-based surveillance\u003C\/strong\u003E is a system for detecting new cases of disease in the community and referring them to health facilities. It includes the organized collection, analysis and interpretation of data so that new cases and new potential outbreaks can be detected quickly and monitored.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESafe and dignified burial (SDB). \u003C\/strong\u003EAs noted earlier, in certain epidemics (of Ebola, Marburg fever, or plague, for instance) National Societies may be asked to conduct SDBs as a public health control measure. SDBs safely bury people who have died from highly contagious diseases that have the potential to spread disease through dead bodies. Conducting SDBs requires specific training and clear protocols need to be in place.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPsychosocial support (PSS)\u003C\/strong\u003E includes activities that help members of a community to cope better with an epidemic and its effects. It manages fears and the stigma that epidemics may trigger in the community.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECommunity case management and referral\u003C\/strong\u003E covers the help you give to individuals who are sick. It includes, for example, providing oral rehydration solution (ORS), referring sick people to hospital, or managing a child\u2019s fever.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#2980b9;\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EParticipate\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#2980b9;\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBefore going further, tell your facilitator what you think volunteers should do in the epidemic phase. Write your answers down.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Chr\u003E\n\u003Chr\u003E\n\u003Chr\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs noted earlier, volunteers can play many valuable roles during an epidemic because they live in or know their local communities.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlways remember, however, that you are not the only ones helping people. Staff in the Ministry of Health, and the doctors, nurses and health workers in health facilities, do vital jobs. Other organizations may also be working in your community and helping to manage the epidemic. It is very important to coordinate with all of them and work together in a way that benefits as many people as possible.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWe will talk now about the general actions that need to be taken in all epidemics. Afterwards, we will look at specific actions that need to be taken to manage specific diseases. These will be discussed more fully when you learn how to use the toolkit.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn all epidemics, you need to:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EMake yourself familiar with the epidemic response plan. Start to follow it as soon as the epidemic has been confirmed and the plan has been activated.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ECoordinate closely with health authorities.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EAsk to participate in refresher training, if this has not been done in the alert phase.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EStart using the toolkit attached to this training manual. Assemble your toolkit for the epidemic in question, check to make sure that official guidelines have not changed, and start using it.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EStart using the resources that were stocked during the preparedness and alert phases.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EInitiate active surveillance in coordination with the health authorities. Start detecting cases in the community and referring them to health centres as required.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EMake yourself familiar with the referral system and follow it.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EFollow cases up by making house visits and filling in registration forms.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ECarry out health promotion activities in affected and at-risk communities.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ETake prevention actions that are appropriate for the disease in question.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EKeep in touch with local health workers, community health workers and midwives.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EParticipate in prevention and response actions by the health authorities and other partners (health promotion, mass vaccination campaigns, action to improve water and sanitation, etc.).\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EProvide psychosocial support to people in the community, volunteers and staff.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EIn some epidemics, when instructed by health professionals, trace and find the contacts of sick people who might carry the disease or fall sick themselves.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EFamiliarize yourself with the safety measures that are appropriate for the disease you are dealing with and observe them (1.2.4).\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EPart 3.3.2. Social mobilization, behaviour change communication and community engagement\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMobilizing communities and helping them to adopt safer, less risky behaviour is critical during an epidemic. Safe behaviour might include agreeing to be vaccinated, washing hands with soap at the five critical times, regularly wearing mosquito repellent, consistently using a mosquito net, or agreeing to be isolated from others while sick.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022responsive-table\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\n\u003Cthead\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Cth\u003ESocial mobilization\u003C\/th\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/thead\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003Eincludes any activity that assists members of a community to take action to protect themselves, reduce risks, and prevent diseases from affecting them and spreading to others.\u003C\/td\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\n\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022responsive-table\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\n\u003Cthead\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Cth\u003EBehaviour change communication (BCC)\u003C\/th\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/thead\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003Eidentifies and uses trusted communication channels to deliver information designed to change behaviour.\u003C\/td\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\n\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022responsive-table\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\n\u003Cthead\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Cth\u003ECommunity engagement\u003C\/th\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/thead\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003Euses a variety of communication approaches (including theatre) and trusted media (such as local radio) to reach, influence, and involve communities by providing accurate, easily understood and trusted health information about a disease. It sets up systems for listening to communities, gathers feedback, and counters misinformation and rumours, in support of efforts to change behaviour and deliver services.\u003C\/td\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\n\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBehaviour change in epidemics\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDevelopment programmes like CBHFA use evidence-based health promotion activities to create sustained, long-term behaviour change. Behaviour change models need to be adapted for epidemics because these occur and evolve swiftly and programmes need to be scaled up fast. Research has shown that people can change their behaviour in emergencies for approximately six weeks. After this time, they tend to fall back into their old behaviour unless risks continue to be communicated well and their work and home environments support behaviour change. A risk is communicated well when health teams consistently identify health risks linked to social and cultural norms and continue to monitor communication between the Red Cross Red Crescent and the community to ensure that efforts to change behaviour remain appropriate and effective as the crisis evolves.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn an epidemic, the aim is to develop a strategy for working with the community that quickly changes risky behaviour and stops the disease from spreading. The goal is to change behaviour for as long as the risk of disease is higher than normal. The longer term goal is to create healthier communities by eliminating risky forms of behaviour altogether \u2013 to change behaviour not just during the epidemic, but afterwards too, because this will make epidemics less likely in the future. For more information, see the behaviour change module in \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ecbhfa.ifrc.org\/\u0022\u003EeCBHFA\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResponse teams often simply provide information about the risks associated with certain behaviour. We need to remember, however, that people do not tend to change their behaviour as a result of receiving information. According to the transtheoretical model, there are five stages of behaviour change \u2013 even in an emergency. In normal times, people progress through these steps slowly, but in an emergency they can go more quickly, especially when they see the effects of the epidemic all around them.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFigure\u0026nbsp;10.\u0026nbsp;Five stages of behaviour change\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Five stages of behaviour change\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00222b154ae0-08bc-4720-9c64-1e6f34d357da\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-images\/IFRC_Five%20stages%20of%20behaviour%20change_EN.png\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn an epidemic, a person\u2019s behaviour is determined by knowledge, but also by whether he or she thinks the disease is serious or thinks he or she is likely to fall sick; by the benefits or disadvantages of changing behaviour; and by social norms, cultural practices and beliefs. Some barriers \u2013 such as fear, mistrust and confusion - are difficult for a person to overcome. All these aspects must be considered when identifying a behaviour change strategy in an epidemic. See Figure 11 below, which shows the arc of an epidemic and how a behaviour change strategy alters at each stage. Note that it is important to keep communities informed and to monitor beliefs throughout because public reactions evolve as an epidemic progresses.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFigure 11. Behavioural change in epidemics\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022 Behavioural change in epidemics\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022dc56f9b3-ff36-4c5e-80e0-8d81ecff1ff3\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-images\/IFRCBehavioural_Change_in_epidemics_EN.png\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFigure\u0026nbsp;12.\u0026nbsp;Behaviour change triangle\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Behaviour change triangle\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00225b11cd42-b540-47bf-a0e7-20d2b92d0a91\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-images\/IFRC_Behaviour%20change%20triangle_EN.png\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn any context, three elements are involved in behaviour change:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EPeople need to know what in their behaviour needs to change, why it needs to change, and how to change it. In other words, they need \u003Cstrong\u003Eknowledge\u003C\/strong\u003E.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EPeople need access to the right equipment and resources, and to be in a position to change their behaviour. They need an \u003Cstrong\u003Eenabling environment\u003C\/strong\u003E.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThey need to be \u003Cstrong\u003Emotivated\u003C\/strong\u003E to change.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEach of these factors is influenced by culture, social context, perceptions and beliefs. It is the balance between these factors that determines whether people will change their behaviour or not. In a development context, people do not typically respond to fear-inducing messages, such as the one below, which encourages people to wash their hands.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFigure\u0026nbsp;13.\u0026nbsp;Cholera poster\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Cholera poster\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00227b908f69-5c1b-4e48-8b87-9f5abda51a00\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-images\/Cholera%20poster%20EN.png\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn a cholera epidemic, by contrast, this type of message might be very effective, because people will already be aware that they are at risk and will be receptive to fear-based messages.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo see how people move from one stage to the next in behaviour change, look at the eCBHFA module on Behaviour change.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow to identify barriers to change\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\nBarriers that prevent people from adopting healthy forms of behaviour include people, rules, norms and environmental factors. To give your behaviour change strategy a chance of success:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EFind out what people in the community currently know and believe about the proposed healthy behaviour.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EFind out how people in the community currently behave and why they behave as they do.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDo an environmental scan in the affected community to find out what factors contribute to unhealthy behaviour. An environmental scan assesses the physical environment to identify actors, institutions, policies, rules and programmes to prevent and treat disease. For example, in a cholera epidemic, you might interview people who provide water or who access a community water source to find out how they draw and use water, where local water sources are, whether the source of water is safe, and what policies or rules govern water distribution and use.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBarriers to behaviour change\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\nSocial mobilization or behaviour change communication may be ineffective for a number of reasons. For example, the people you want to influence may:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDistrust the person who communicates the information.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EHold different beliefs or disagree with the content of the message. (They may consider, for instance, that it conflicts with traditional beliefs or common social practices in the community.)\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDesire to change but lack resources to do so. (For instance, they may want to wash their hands but have little water or lack soap.) People may also be unable to reach health centres.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ELack support from those around them (including family and influential people in the community such as religious leaders, traditional healers, midwives, business leaders, politicians, etc.).\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EConsider that changing their risky behaviour is not a priority because they have more urgent interests or needs.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EBe unable to change their behaviour without community approval or unless all members of the community agree to change.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECommunicating with communities in epidemics\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\nClear, trustworthy and effective communication is very important during an epidemic. But it can be difficult to achieve. Providing information to communities is rarely enough to change peoples\u2019 behaviour. Fear, grief, cultural beliefs, traditional practices and misinformation can all make effective communication difficult.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022responsive-table\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\n\u003Cthead\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Cth\u003E\u003Cu\u003ECommunity engagement \u003C\/u\u003Eis a core principle of long-term health programmes (including CBHFA) as well as epidemic control. For guidance and tools, see\u0026nbsp;CEA guidance.\u003C\/th\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/thead\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\t\u003C\/tbody\u003E\n\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/ecbhfa.ifrc.org\/\u0022\u003ECBHFA\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ifrc.org\/community-engagement-and-accountability\u0022\u003Ewww.ifrc.org\/CEA\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECommunities may not trust the authorities or the health system, with the result that information about a disease or about how to control it is misunderstood or taken to mean something else. Strong belief in traditional medicines, lack of understanding of how diseases are transmitted, or unwillingness to accept treatment (including vaccines), can complicate things further.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor these reasons, any communication designed to mobilize people or change their behaviour in an epidemic must put the community at the centre and work with the community to identify solutions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn an epidemic, you should aim to achieve two-way communication with communities. As volunteers, you are in daily contact with leaders and members of the community. Talk to them about their perceptions and fears, how they think the disease is transmitted, what motivates them to change their behaviour, and what stops them from changing. Listen hard to what they say.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERemember that \u201csensitization\u201d tends to describe one-way communication; it is about giving information. \u201cMobilization\u201d is more about communities taking action, and usually implies two- way communication.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo mobilize communities effectively, and change behaviour successfully, communications should respect certain guidelines.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECommunications should be:\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u0026nbsp;Simple and short. Messages should be easy to understand and repeated frequently.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDelivered by individuals or media that people in the community trust.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ESpecific and accurate.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EConsistent. Remember to make sure that other community workers, agencies or organizations are not issuing messages that contradict yours. This will confuse the community.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EAction-oriented. Messages should make clear what people should do. Focus on actions that community members should take; avoid giving lots of information that does not trigger action.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ERealistic and feasible. People must be able to do what the message recommends.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ESensitive to context. Messages should take into account social and cultural attitudes or customs that influence the readiness of members of the community to adopt safe behaviour or accept treatment (such as vaccinations).\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen you communicate with a community, always listen for rumours or misunderstandings that might be spreading. Rumours can generate panic and fear. They can also cause communities to distrust health authorities, doubt their effectiveness, or reject interventions that will prevent the spread of disease.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow do we communicate?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\nThere are many ways to spread information, build knowledge, and promote action in communities affected by epidemics. Some are described in the table below.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETable\u0026nbsp;3.\u0026nbsp;Commonly used communication channels\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022responsive-table\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\n\u003Cthead\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Cth\u003EOne-way communication\u003C\/th\u003E\n\u003Cth\u003ETwo-way communication\u003C\/th\u003E\n\u003Cth\u003EParticipatory methods\u003C\/th\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/thead\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ECommunity announcements (e.g., a loud-speaker)\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ETelevision\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ENewspapers\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ERadio broadcasts or shows\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDoor-to-door information visits\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ELeaflets, billboards, flyers, signs, banners, street advertisements, etc\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ESMS messages\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ESocial media\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDoor-to-door visits\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EMeetings with community or religious leaders, traditional healers or midwives\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ERadio broadcasts or shows to which the public can call in\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EVideos, and films\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ESongs, poems, drama, and role-plays\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ESocial media to which people can reply or ask questions\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ESMS messages with the option to reply\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ECommunity mapping\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EBarrier charts and analysis\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EParticipatory or community planning\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThree pile sorting\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EVoting\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\n\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ECan you think of other ways to communicate?\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIllustration\u0026nbsp;3.\u0026nbsp;Face-to-face communication\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Face-to-face communication\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002255172871-d56f-4ef6-87a5-8d9e6c53a988\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-images\/FaceToFace%20communication.png\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIllustration\u0026nbsp;4.\u0026nbsp;Volunteer promotes health at school\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Volunteer  promotes health at school\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022e7e4d97b-264d-4161-af06-6880d2942ce0\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-images\/Volunteer%20promotes%20health%20at%20school.png\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIllustration\u0026nbsp;5.\u0026nbsp;Talking to the media\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Talking to  the media\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022feb08a9f-0fdd-4ee5-9034-7c2d51a2367a\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-images\/Talking%20to%20the%20media.png\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EVolunteer actions in the community\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs a volunteer you will talk to community members about risky practices and help them to adopt safer behaviour that will stop the epidemic from spreading and prevent them from getting sick. It is equally important to listen to what the community tells you. Let your supervisor know if you hear rumours or incorrect information or the community says that an activity is inappropriate or offends cultural or social practices.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the toolkit, you will find community message tools that can help you communicate the right messages to the community. But remember, they must be adapted to your community and your context: this is your responsibility!\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs a volunteer. you should also be a \u201cmodel\u201d of safe behaviour for others. As you go about your day-to-day volunteer activities, make sure you wash your hands, follow coughing etiquette, etc.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition, you should:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EFamiliarize yourself with the community\u2019s cultural beliefs, about health, about the disease that is of concern, about caring for people who are sick, accessing health care services, etc.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EFind out what messages are being communicated by other groups in the community (including community leaders and other organizations working in the same area).\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDiscuss behaviour change messages with coaches or supervisors, community leaders, health workers and other volunteers, to obtain their insights and input.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWork with families, communities, authorities and health services to influence social norms.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EUse simple and clear messages in language that is easy to understand.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ECommunicate your messages in different ways; make sure that community members can summarize them accurately.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EListen actively, including for rumours or incorrect information.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#2980b9;\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EGroup work and role-play \u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#2980b9;\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDivide into groups. Each group will look at messages taken from community message tools.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#2980b9;\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDiscuss these messages and the appropriateness of the tool for your own communities. In a brief role-play, show how and through what media (e.g. face-to face, group session, radio, play etc.) you would deliver the messages in your community.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003EPart 3.3.3. Referral\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPeople sometimes become very sick, and volunteers cannot provide the support they need. Those people need professional care by nurses and doctors. As a Red Cross Red Crescent volunteer, you do not generally provide medical care (with the exception of first aid and ORS. But you can identify cases and help people who are sick to reach medical professionals and health facilities.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYou will find sick people through active community-based surveillance. Before you refer them to health facilities, you need to know how sick they are and whether they need referral. You can do this by using the toolkit and the descriptions you have of each disease.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYou also need to know all the health facilities near you (hospitals, clinics, health centres, cholera treatment facilities, etc.), how to reach them, and their admission criteria. In order to limit transmission, the health authorities may sometimes decide that one health facility should receive all epidemic referrals.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYou may need to take the patient to the medical facility. You should be able to tell people where they are located.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen you refer people to health facilities, make sure you do not put yourself or other people at increased risk of transmission. Check the personal protective equipment (PPE) needs for each disease.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 3.3.4. Different roles and coordination\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is important for volunteers to organize themselves in a way that allows them to help as many people in their communities as possible, while delivering health messages effectively.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow do we coordinate?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ETalk to your local Red Cross Red Crescent branch and to health authorities. Find out what they are doing to organize themselves and how they plan to help the community. Understand your role and how you can assist.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EMake a plan. Decide consultatively who will cover what activities in which locations.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ECommunicate with other volunteers. Meet at least once a week to update each other on what has been done to help the community and what needs to be done next. Share lessons and support one another.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ETalk to your facilitator and discuss additional ways in which you can work together.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ol\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n      \n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n","settings":null}]