[{"command":"add_css","data":[{"rel":"stylesheet","media":"all","href":"\/sites\/default\/files\/css\/css_HKssSap50MP62fOSVpGMzCVsqcEFuxOEq3s7O_rkxEE.css?delta=0\u0026language=ru\u0026theme=ect_theme\u0026include=eJxLNkqJL8lIzU3VT8tMzUnRSc5JLC6u1M_LT0kFAIwhCi8"}]},{"command":"insert","method":"html","selector":"#ajax-container","data":"\n\n\n\n\u003Carticle lang=\u0022en\u0022 class=\u0022node node--type-volunteer-training-man-chapter node--promoted node--view-mode-ajax\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022node__content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022extra-header-block\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ca class=\u0022mini-pdf-icon\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/epidemics.ifrc.org\/ru\/pdf\/188\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cimg\n src=\u0022\/themes\/custom\/ect_theme\/images\/svg\/pdf.svg\u0022\n alt=\u0022pdf-download-icon\u0022\n width=\u002224\u0022\n height=\u002224\u0022\n \u003E\n \u003C\/a\u003E\n \u003Ch1\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden\u0022\u003EGroup 2. Diseases preventable by vaccination\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/h1\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \n\n\n\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022responsive-table\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Diseases preventable by vaccination icon\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002240b02deb-b85b-42d4-952a-0ff23b64704e\u0022 src=\u0022\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-images\/IFRC_Diseases%20preventable%20by%20vaccination%20illustration_3.png\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDisease tools:\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\n\t\t\t\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\n\t\t\t7. Acute respiratory infections preventable by vaccine: diphtheria, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, whooping cough\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\n\t\t\t8. Measles\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\n\t\t\t9. Meningococcal meningitis\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\n\t\t\t10. Polio\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\n\t\t\t11. Yellow fever\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\n\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022responsive-table\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\n\u003Cthead\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Cth\u003EA vaccine\u003C\/th\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/thead\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003EA\u0026nbsp;vaccine\u0026nbsp;is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease, helping people to resist an infection before it happens. Most vaccines are delivered by injection but some of them can also be given orally.\u003C\/td\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\n\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA range of diseases can be prevented and controlled by vaccination. Each is different and spreads in a different way. For volunteers, the important thing is to know how to prevent epidemics of such diseases from occurring and how to assist with vaccination campaigns.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDiseases that are prevented by vaccines include \u003Cstrong\u003Epolio, whooping cough (or pertussis), diphtheria, pneumonia, tetanus, viral hepatitis A and B (liver infection), measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, typhoid fever, yellow fever, dengue, meningitis (HIb and meningococcal meningitis), cholera and some other diseases\u003C\/strong\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow are these diseases transmitted?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\nDiseases in this group are transmitted in different ways. Polio, cholera, hepatitis A and typhoid fever are transmitted by contact with hands and objects that are dirty, or by consuming water or food that is contaminated by infected stools in a similar way to diarrhoeal diseases. Yellow fever and dengue are transmitted by vectors (mosquitoes). Hepatitis B is transmitted by sexual intercourse or contact with blood, including blood passed from mother to child. Other diseases are transmitted by droplets emitted by coughing or sneezing.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat symptoms do they cause?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\nThe symptoms can also be different because they are disease specific. In each case, nevertheless, it is critical to prevent them by helping to bring children to health workers who will vaccinate them. All these diseases can cause death in young children and in adults.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow do we prevent epidemics of these diseases?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\nEpidemics of these diseases can be prevented by some simple actions:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ESpecific vaccines will prevent many people from being infected by the diseases in this group.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EIf enough people in a community are vaccinated against these diseases, epidemics of these diseases will not occur.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EYellow fever and dengue epidemics can also be prevented by controlling mosquitoes and protecting people from being bitten.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EImproving living conditions, hygiene and sanitation and reducing overcrowding help to prevent polio, typhoid, hepatitis A, measles and meningitis. Action in this area is especially important in refugee and displaced persons\u2019 camps.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbout vaccines\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\nThe vaccines for diseases in this group are usually very effective. Some (in particular, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough) should be given to every child as part of a routine vaccination schedule. As volunteers, you should tell people in your local community to always take their children to health centres for vaccinations that are due.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese are the vaccines for the different diseases in this group:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMeasles, mumps and rubella\u003C\/strong\u003E (MMR). The vaccine is given in two doses. In countries where measles causes many deaths, the first dose is given at nine months and the second at between 15 and 18 months. In countries where few children die from measles, the first dose is given at 12 months and the second usually at school entry.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPolio.\u003C\/strong\u003E The vaccine is given by drops in the mouth or by injection. It should be given to children three to four times in their first year, followed up with one or two booster doses during childhood.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDiphtheria, tetanus and pertussis.\u003C\/strong\u003E Vaccines are usually given in a combined form together with an anti-tetanus vaccine (called DTP) and sometimes with a vaccine against hepatitis B and HIb (called pentavalent). It is recommended to give children three doses during the first year of life.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMeningococcal meningitis.\u003C\/strong\u003E The vaccine should be given to persons between one and 29 years of age who live in 26 African countries where this form of meningitis is prevalent. In other countries the vaccine schedule differs.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHepatitis A.\u003C\/strong\u003E vaccine can be given to children as part of regular childhood immunization programmes, and to travellers with other vaccines.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETyphoid fever.\u003C\/strong\u003E Vaccination is recommended to control endemic typhoid, for outbreak control, and in the context of other efforts to control the disease.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow to deal with cases of these diseases?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\nWhen people are sick with one of the above-mentioned diseases, there is little that volunteers can do to cure them. These diseases are dangerous and require prompt medical treatment. The best way to help is to recognize when a child is sick (which you will learn to do with the help of the toolkit) and refer him or her to the nearest hospital or health facility.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow to detect an epidemic?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EPolio. An epidemic is suspected when children suffer from paralysis.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EMeasles. An epidemic is suspected when many children have fever with a rash on the skin, a runny nose, and sometimes eye infections.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EMeningitis. An epidemic is suspected when many people have fever with a bad headache and stiff neck.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ol\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022responsive-table\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ctable\u003E\n\u003Cthead\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Cth\u003EThe epidemic\u003C\/th\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/thead\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWho?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\n\t\t\tPolio is passed to children through dirty hands or less frequently by contaminated water and food. Measles is passed when people cough and sneeze. Some forms of meningitis are transmitted by droplets, while others are transmitted by close contact or water.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhere?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\n\t\t\tDiseases in this group are concentrated in certain places and countries. These places are usually in countries where vaccination coverage is low.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhen?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\n\t\t\tPolio, meningitis and measles epidemics (as well as other diseases) often occur when people are overcrowded (living in refugee camps, for example, or displaced by a natural disaster).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/td\u003E\n\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\n\u003C\/table\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow to deal with an epidemic?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\nIf an epidemic of a vaccine-preventable disease occurs in your community, several actions need to be taken:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EBuild trust with members of the community.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EInvolve members of the community in efforts to control the epidemic.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EFamiliarize yourself with the community\u2019s culture.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EPromote mass vaccination to bring the epidemic under control.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EImprove water, sanitation and hygiene where required, to reduce the spread of polio, typhoid and hepatitis (and some other diseases).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EImprove living conditions and reduce overcrowding to reduce the spread of measles and meningitis.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDetect new cases in the community and refer them to health facilities for treatment.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat can volunteers do?\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\nVolunteers do not usually give vaccines, either during routine vaccination programmes or vaccination campaigns. However, you can do many other things to support the health authorities during vaccination. They include:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMonitoring.\u003C\/strong\u003E It is important to ensure that vaccination campaigns cover all the people who needs to be vaccinated. In particular, make sure that people who are especially vulnerable or stigmatized are reached by the campaign.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECommunity-based surveillance.\u003C\/strong\u003E Help members of the community identify cases of infection. Tell them how to deal with them.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESocial mobilization and community engagement.\u003C\/strong\u003E Talk to members of the community to understand their ideas and concerns about vaccination. Find out whether they trust the health authorities and the information they provide. Listen for rumours or misinformation about vaccinations. Social mobilization is one of the most valuable things volunteers can do. Because volunteers belong to the community, they can address its concerns, encourage families to get their children vaccinated, and follow up children who are missed.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPsychosocial support.\u003C\/strong\u003E Give sick people and their families support.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EScreening for malnutrition in children less than five years of age.\u003C\/strong\u003E Vaccination campaigns are a good opportunity to screen for severe or acute malnutrition in children under five years old, who can be at high risk of getting very sick.\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#2980b9;\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EParticipate\u003C\/strong\u003E \u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#2980b9;\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDiscuss in your group a possible epidemic of a vaccine preventable disease in your community. Look at the disease tools for vaccine preventable diseases and select the appropriate action and message tools for each disease. Discuss with your facilitator the similarities and differences between the tools for each disease in this category. \u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan style=\u0022color:#2980b9;\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIt is important to recognize that regular vaccination and mass vaccination campaigns are the most effective way to end epidemics in this category of diseases. Discuss how you would support a mass vaccination campaign in your community. What difficulties would arise if you decided to vaccinate all the vulnerable people in your community?\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/article\u003E\n","settings":null}]